Posts
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Memory Protections and Their Bypasses: A Reference Guide
Modern operating systems deploy multiple layers of defense against memory corruption attacks. Each mitigation addresses a specific class of vulnerability — and each has known bypass techniques.
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x86 Instruction Encoding: How Assembly Becomes Machine Code
When writing shellcode or analyzing crash dumps, you frequently encounter raw hex bytes like
\x31\xc0,\x66\x50, or\xcd\x80. Understanding what these bytes mean — and how to find them — is a fundamental skill in binary exploitation.
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